VIETNAM – THE COMPLETE FOREIGN INVESTMENT HANDBOOK 2026: MANUFACTURING, TECHNOLOGY & LOGISTICS

Why Vietnam is becoming the world's next industrial powerhouse – from costs and infrastructure to skilled workforce and global trade access.

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📌 Executive Summary – At a Glance

Category	Key Data (2026)
GDP Growth	7.83% (Q1/2026)
Total Registered FDI (2025)	US$38.4 billion – 5-year high
FDI Disbursement (2025)	US$27.6 billion (↑ 9% YoY)
Manufacturing Share of FDI	~60% of newly registered capital
Electronics & Optics FDI (H1/2025)	US$11.97 billion (759 projects, ↑32%)
Semiconductor FDI	Over US$11.6 billion (170+ projects)
Labor Force	~52.5 million
Minimum Wage (Region I – 2026)	~5 million VND/month (↑6-7.2%)
Industrial Electricity Cost	~US$0.07/kWh
Expressway Network (2025)	3,345 km main + 458 km access roads
Free Trade Agreements	17 FTAs (CPTPP, EVFTA, RCEP)
Key Export Markets	US (target US$151.8B in 2025), EU, Japan, Korea

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📍 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY VIETNAM IN 2026?

1.1 From "Low-Cost" to "High-Value" Manufacturing Hub

Vietnam is no longer just the "factory of the world" for cheap textiles and shoes. In 2026, the country has entered a new phase – large-scale industrial growth led by high-value FDI. The manufacturing and processing sector alone accounted for 60% of newly registered FDI capital, reflecting a decisive shift toward higher-value industries such as electronics, technology equipment, and semiconductors.

Major global giants have already cast their votes:

• Samsung has invested over US$23.2 billion in Vietnam, creating 90,000 jobs, and is now planning an additional US$4 billion chip packaging facility in the north.

• Intel, Amkor, HanaMicron, Marvell, and Synopsys are already present and expanding.

• POSCO Future M is building a US$400 million battery materials plant in Thái Nguyên.

• Foxconn (FIH Mobile) continues to inject capital into its Vietnam operations.

1.2 The Numbers That Matter

Vietnam ended 2025 with striking FDI figures: total registered capital reached US$38.4 billion, while disbursed capital exceeded US$27.6 billion – up nearly 9% year-on-year and the highest level in the past five years. The momentum has continued into 2026, with more than US$6 billion in newly registered FDI in the first two months alone.

Even more telling: FDI inflows into Vietnam have shown a clear shift toward high-value industries, positioning the country as a regional manufacturing and technology hub.

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💰 2. COST ANALYSIS: WHAT DOES IT REALLY COST TO MANUFACTURE IN VIETNAM?

2.1 Labor Costs – The Rising Reality

One of the biggest changes in 2026 is the steady increase in wages. Vietnam has announced its 2026 minimum wage adjustment via Decree No. 293/2025/ND-CP, with an average increase of approximately 7.2%. This will take effect in July 2026.

Current and projected wage levels by region:

Region	Monthly Minimum Wage (2026)	Typical Factory Worker (including allowances)
Region I (Hanoi, HCMC, Haiphong)	~5 million VND (~US$195)	US$300-350/month
Region II (Hanoi & HCMC suburbs)	~4.4 million VND (~US$170)	US$250-300/month
Region III (Provincial cities)	~3.9 million VND (~US$150)	US$200-250/month
Region IV (Rural areas)	~3.5 million VND (~US$135)	US$150-200/month

The bottom line: actual labor costs for general workers have risen to approximately US$300-350 per month (equivalent to 3,000-3,500 RMB), significantly narrowing the gap with some Chinese inland provinces. Over the past five years, minimum wages in Vietnam have nearly doubled.

However, the structural differentiation is already clear:

• Electronics manufacturing: Still competitive compared to China's coastal regions.

• Skilled technical positions: Wages have risen dramatically, ranging from US$400-700 per month (4,000-7,000 RMB), approaching Chinese coastal levels.

Practical tip for investors: While base wages are rising, total labor costs remain significantly lower than in China's coastal regions. The key is to move beyond low-value, labor-intensive assembly and invest in automation and higher-value processes.

2.2 Land & Factory Costs

Industrial land prices in Vietnam have been rising steadily, particularly in prime locations. Here's the current picture:

Location	Industrial Land Rent (US$/m²/lease term)	Ready-Built Factory Rent (US$/m²/month)
Bắc Ninh (electronics hub)	US$120-150	US$4.5-5.5
Hải Phòng (port city)	US$100-130	US$4.0-5.0
HCMC & Bình Dương (southern hub)	US$150-200	US$4.5-6.0
Đồng Nai	US$120-160	US$4.0-5.0
Northern provinces (new zones)	US$60-100	US$3.0-4.0

Key observation: Land costs in Vietnam's most popular industrial zones are rising and the cost advantage is shrinking. However, new industrial zones in less crowded provinces still offer competitive rates.

Foreign ownership note: Foreign investors can own 100% of a manufacturing company in Vietnam and lease land for up to 50-70 years. In certain economic zones and high-tech parks, land rental exemptions are available.

2.3 Utilities – Electricity, Water, Internet

Utility	Cost (2026)	Notes
Electricity (industrial)	~US$0.07/kWh (approx. 1,800-2,200 VND)	Competitive vs. regional peers
Water (industrial)	~16,000 VND/m³ (~US$0.64)	Higher in HCMC/Hanoi
Internet (fiber, 100 Mbps)	~US$15-30/month	Excellent coverage, rapidly expanding 5G
5G Private Network	Available via Viettel, VNPT	85% indoor coverage targeted in 2026

Important: Vietnam's electricity costs are highly competitive. For comparison, India's industrial electricity costs are approximately US$0.095/kWh. However, global energy price volatility (due to Middle East tensions) is putting pressure on costs – a key risk to monitor.

2.4 Construction & Setup Costs

Setting up a factory in Vietnam requires careful budgeting. According to industry data, a complete overseas factory project cost breakdown includes:

Cost Component	Estimated Range (US$)
Land lease deposit	50,000 – 200,000+ (depends on size)
Factory construction (per m²)	300 – 600 (shell) / 500 – 900 (complete)
MEP installation	80 – 150 per m²
Equipment import & installation	Varies by industry
Legal & licensing fees	10,000 – 50,000
Working capital (3-6 months)	500,000 – 2,000,000

Experts recommend reserving 5-10% of total investment as contingency for exchange rate fluctuations.

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🏭 3. MANUFACTURING SECTORS: WHERE TO INVEST

3.1 Electronics & Semiconductors – The Crown Jewel

Vietnam's electronics manufacturing sector is booming, driven by a concentrated supply chain cluster in the northern provinces of Hải Phòng and Bắc Ninh, which absorb over half of all manufacturing FDI.

Key numbers:

• Vietnam is now home to over 170 foreign-invested semiconductor projects totaling nearly US$11.6 billion in registered capital.

• The country has more than 50 chip design firms employing approximately 7,000 engineers.

• In early 2026, Vietnam broke ground on its first high-tech semiconductor fabrication plant.

• The government aims to train 50,000 semiconductor engineers by 2030, with Samsung Innovation Campus training approximately 2,200 students in 2026 alone.

Who's already there:

• Samsung: US$23.2 billion invested, now adding US$4 billion chip packaging facility.

• Samsung Electro-Mechanics: US$1.2 billion planned for semiconductor substrates.

• Intel, Amkor, HanaMicron, Marvell, Synopsys: All active and expanding.

Opportunity for investors: The semiconductor supply chain is still developing – significant opportunities exist in materials, testing, packaging, and equipment.

3.2 Machinery & Equipment Manufacturing – The Emerging Sector

Machinery and equipment manufacturing is a rapidly growing segment, driven by domestic demand and supply chain localization requirements. In January 2026 alone, Vietnam imported US$2.8 billion worth of machinery and equipment, up 47.2% year-on-year.

Key insights for investors:

• Your customers are not Vietnamese firms – 71.9% of imports are by FDI enterprises.

• The 2026 Investment Law explicitly excludes high-end equipment manufacturing from restricted lists, but environmental and land-use approvals are required for large-scale facilities.

• The transition from terminal assembly to component and circuit design is accelerating.

3.3 Textiles, Garments & Footwear – Still Strong but Transforming

Vietnam remains the world's third-largest footwear producer and second-largest footwear exporter.

Key numbers:

• Footwear industry exports reached US$29 billion in 2025.

• The FDI sector accounts for approximately 80% of the footwear industry's total export turnover, reaching US$22.82 billion – a 17% increase year-on-year.

• Over 3,000 footwear factories are currently operating in Vietnam.

The transformation: While still a major employer, the textile and footwear sector is shifting toward automation and higher-value production. New investments are increasingly focused on sustainable materials, automation, and vertical integration.

Recent deals:

• Zotefoams & Seoheung: US$32 million joint venture footwear facility, commissioning Q4 2026.

• The Vietnamese government is promoting green manufacturing standards across the industry.

3.4 Furniture & Wood Processing – The Quiet Success Story

Vietnam has quietly become a global hub for furniture manufacturing, driven by competitive costs, skilled labor, and strong FTA-backed market access. Wood and wood product exports reached US$14.4 billion in 2024, with targets to hit US$18 billion in 2025.

Key trends:

• FDI projects in wood processing grew 7% year-on-year, with total capital inflow up over 73%.

• New investments are focusing on digital machinery upgrades and clean production systems.

• The US remains the largest export market, but EU demand is growing rapidly thanks to EVFTA tariff reductions.

Recent developments:

• Gainwell Vietnam: VND 255 billion (US$10.2 million) high-end indoor/outdoor furniture factory in Nhơn Hội Industrial Park.

• Catry Hong Kong: New FDI project in Bình Định province for wooden furniture and pet supplies.

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📦 4. LOGISTICS INFRASTRUCTURE – THE BACKBONE OF MANUFACTURING

4.1 Expressways & Road Networks

Vietnam is undergoing a massive infrastructure push. By the end of 2025, the country had operational:

• 3,345 km of main expressways

• 458 km of interchanges and access roads

• 1,701 km of coastal roads

• 1,584 km of national highways

Between 2026 and 2030, Vietnam plans to build an additional 2,000 km of expressways, with priority given to routes connecting international gateway ports, international airports, and major border crossings.

Impact on manufacturing: Improved road connectivity has shortened travel times between factories, seaports, and airports, significantly enhancing the appeal of ready-built facilities in previously remote areas.

4.2 Seaports – Vietnam's Gateway to Global Trade

Vietnam's seaport system is being upgraded to meet "multimodal interconnected network" standards.

Port	Current Capacity	2026 Developments
Cái Mép – Thị Vải	Deep-water port, handles largest vessels	Expanding for transshipment hub status
Hải Phòng – Lạch Huyện	Major northern gateway	Free Trade Zone (6,292 hectares) piloted since October 2025
Đà Nẵng	Central hub	Airport-linked logistics center under development
Long An & Đồng Nai	Growing southern ports	New logistics centers in planning

Key initiative: The government is establishing logistics hubs at seaports, inland ports, railway stations, and airports offering comprehensive, highly automated services under a "transshipment centre" model.

4.3 Airports – Air Cargo Growth

Vietnam's airports are being modernized to handle growing air cargo demand:

• Long Thành International Airport (near HCMC) – Phase 1 targets completion by 2026-2027. A 5G private network is being deployed for real-time operations.

• Nội Bài International Airport (Hanoi) – Expansion underway for both passenger and cargo capacity.

• Quảng Trị Airport – Requested completion by July 2026, with plans for high-tech industrial park and aviation logistics services.

4.4 Digital Infrastructure – 5G for Smart Manufacturing

Vietnam is rapidly rolling out 5G infrastructure to support Industry 4.0:

• Viettel plans to develop an additional 15,000 5G stations in 2026, lifting indoor coverage to nearly 85%.

• By end of 2026, Hanoi aims for 100% of high-tech parks and industrial zones to have at least one 5G base station.

• 5G subscriptions currently account for about 50% of all new mobile subscriptions, with data usage rising 15-20%.

For manufacturers: 5G enables real-time production monitoring, automated quality control, and predictive maintenance. Pilot projects for smart factory management using 5G and IoT are being implemented in high-tech zones in 2026.

4.5 Logistics Costs – The Challenge

Despite improvements, logistics costs in Vietnam remain high. According to World Bank data:

• Logistics costs account for 16-20% of Vietnam's GDP, significantly exceeding the 10-12% observed in advanced economies.

• The global supply chain disruptions (Red Sea crisis, Middle East tensions) have increased transportation expenses by 30-60% , including domestic transport, ocean freight, and container charges.

• International shipping rates could rise by 50-80% in 2026 due to geopolitical tensions.

Mitigation strategies for investors:

• Locate factories near major ports (Hải Phòng, HCMC, Đà Nẵng).

• Consider inland port access for multimodal shipping.

• Build inventory buffers to manage extended delivery times.

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👷 5. WORKFORCE: THE HUMAN FACTOR

5.1 Workforce Overview

Vietnam's labor force is approximately 52.5 million people (aged 15+), with a participation rate of 68.3%. The country has a young, increasingly educated population – median age is approximately 32 years.

Labor productivity growth target: 7.0-7.5% annually, as targeted by Hanoi for 2026.

5.2 Skills Landscape – The Good and The Gap

Strengths:

• The workforce is technologically adaptable, with rapid adoption of digital tools.

• According to a study by the Asian Development Bank, workers need to know how to use AI assistants (ChatGPT), management software, digital design tools, and CAD/CAM to optimize work performance.

• The government is investing heavily in technical and vocational education (TVET) to support the Fourth Industrial Revolution transition.

Challenges:

• There is a significant skills gap – approximately 18% of workers are employed below their training level, indicating a mismatch between education and industry needs.

• Many foreign investors report a shortage of technical and specialized workers across various fields, leading them to hire workers with basic skills and provide in-house training.

• While labor-intensive enterprises still exist, a growing number are shifting to automated production in line with policy and corporate transformation strategies.

5.3 The "NEET" Challenge

An estimated 1.6 million young people (aged 15-24) are Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET). This represents both a challenge and an opportunity – a large pool of potential workers requiring training and upskilling.

5.4 Training Initiatives for Foreign Investors

Foreign investors benefit from several government-supported training initiatives:

• Samsung Innovation Campus (SIC) 2026: Training approximately 2,200 students in AI, data science, cybersecurity, cloud computing, semiconductor technology, and more.

• EU-funded program: €50 million agreement to develop green and digital workforce skills, enhancing the quality, relevance, and accessibility of the vocational education system.

• Hanoi's job creation plan: Targeting 171,000 new jobs in 2026, with priority training in IT, foreign languages, soft skills, digital environment capabilities, and skills for emerging industries.

Practical advice for investors:

• Plan for 6-12 months of training before full operational capacity is achieved.

• Consider partnering with local technical colleges for tailored training programs.

• Foreign language skills (especially Chinese) command a 10-40% wage premium – factor this into recruitment.

5.5 Wage Comparisons by Sector

Sector	Typical Monthly Wage (2026)	Skill Level
Garment/Footwear (general worker)	US$250-350	Low
Electronics assembly	US$300-450	Medium
Machinery operation	US$400-600	Medium-High
Semiconductor technician	US$500-800	High
Engineer (IT/electronics)	US$700-1,500+	High
Manager (expat or local senior)	US$1,500-5,000+	Executive

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📜 6. INVESTMENT POLICIES & INCENTIVES

6.1 The New Investment Law (2025) – Effective March 1, 2026

Vietnam has enacted a new Investment Law (LOI 2025) that creates a more transparent, efficient, and business-friendly legal framework. Key provisions include:

• Special Investment Mechanism (opt-in): Eligible projects in designated zones (industrial parks, high-tech parks, export processing zones, digital technology parks, free trade zones, and financial centers) may be exempt from multiple upfront approvals.

• Fast-track processing: Selected high-quality projects can benefit from accelerated licensing.

• Conditional business lines: Streamlined and clarified for easier compliance.

6.2 Free Trade Zones – The New Frontier

Hải Phòng Free Trade Zone:

• Piloted in October 2025, spanning 6,292 hectares across Dinh Vu-Cat Hai and South Hải Phòng economic zones.

• Aims for 13%+ growth in 2026.

HCMC Free Trade Zone:

• Approved in April 2026.

• Projects inside the zone (excluding residential real estate) are exempt from land-auction and bidding requirements.

• Priority sectors: high technology, smart manufacturing, financial centers, large-scale trade and service projects.

HCMC's 2026 FDI target: Approximately US$11 billion, prioritizing high-tech, logistics, and financial-commercial center projects.

6.3 International Financial Center (IFC)

Established by Resolution No. 222/2025/QH15 (June 2025), the IFC introduces incentives and facilitation measures to attract domestic and foreign financial institutions.

6.4 Tax Incentives Summary

Zone Type	CIT Rate	Tax Holiday	Additional Benefits
Standard zones	20%	None	Standard deductions
Industrial parks	10-17%	2 years exemption + 4 years 50% reduction	Land rent preferences
High-tech parks	10%	4 years exemption + 9 years 50% reduction	Import duty exemption for equipment
Economic zones	10-17%	4 years exemption + 9-15 years 50% reduction	Land rental exemptions, accelerated depreciation
Free Trade Zones	Varies (negotiated)	Case-by-case	Exemption from land-auction requirements

6.5 Special Incentives for Priority Industries

The following sectors receive priority investment incentives:

• High technology and smart manufacturing

• Semiconductors and electronics

• Renewable energy (solar, wind)

• R&D and innovation

• Supporting industries for high-tech manufacturing

• Logistics infrastructure

6.6 FTAs – The Strategic Advantage

Vietnam has signed and implemented 17 Free Trade Agreements, covering CPTPP, EVFTA, RCEP, UKVFTA, and more – representing over 30% of global GDP in preferential market access.

FTA	Coverage	Key Benefits for Manufacturers
EVFTA (EU)	27 countries	Eliminates 99% of tariffs; strong rules of origin
CPTPP (Japan, Canada, Australia, etc.)	11 countries	Tariff elimination; investor-state dispute settlement
RCEP (ASEAN+5)	15 countries	Largest trade bloc; cumulative rules of origin
UKVFTA	UK	Tariff elimination post-Brexit

For foreign investors: These FTAs mean that products manufactured in Vietnam can access major markets at preferential or zero tariff rates, provided they meet origin requirements.

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🌿 7. GREEN ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY

7.1 The Green Transition

Vietnam is aggressively pursuing renewable energy to power its industrial growth. The Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) has set ceiling prices for new renewable projects:

Technology	Ceiling Price (US cents/kWh)
Ground-mounted solar	5.05¢
Floating solar	6.43¢
Onshore wind	6.77¢
Offshore wind	7.75¢

In Vietnamese đồng terms:

• Floating solar: 1,203-1,908 VND/kWh

• Nearshore wind: 1,605-2,504 VND/kWh

7.2 Why This Matters for Manufacturers

• Corporate ESG commitments – Many global buyers require suppliers to use renewable energy.

• Long-term cost stability – Solar and wind power hedge against fossil fuel price volatility.

• Government support – Green manufacturing projects receive priority in investment licensing.

Warning: There have been disputes over feed-in tariff reductions. Investors should carefully review contract terms and price mechanisms before committing to renewable energy projects.

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⚠️ 8. RISKS & CHALLENGES – HONEST ASSESSMENT

8.1 Rising Costs

• Labor costs have nearly doubled in five years, and the wage gap with China is narrowing.

• Industrial land prices in prime locations continue to rise.

• Logistics costs remain high (16-20% of GDP vs. 10-12% in developed economies).

8.2 Infrastructure Bottlenecks

Despite rapid progress, Vietnam still faces:

• Congestion at major ports (HCMC, Hải Phòng)

• Power supply reliability issues during peak dry season

• Inconsistent quality of regional road networks

8.3 Skills Shortages

• Shortage of technical workers across multiple fields.

• Need for in-house training – many foreign investors must train workers themselves.

• Brain drain risk as skilled workers seek opportunities overseas or with multinationals.

8.4 Regulatory & Compliance Risks

• Environmental approvals can be time-consuming for large-scale projects.

• Land acquisition may face local resistance.

• Currency controls – repatriating profits requires proper documentation.

• Global trade tensions – US policy shifts could impact Vietnamese exports.

8.5 Geopolitical & Supply Chain Risks

• Middle East tensions have disrupted global shipping, increasing logistics costs by 30-60%.

• Energy price volatility affects production costs.

• Exchange rate fluctuations – the strengthening US dollar against the Vietnamese dong has inflated import costs and freight payments denominated in USD.

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✅ 9. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOREIGN INVESTORS

9.1 Sector-Specific Recommendations

Sector	Recommendation	Key Locations
Semiconductors/Electronics	Strongly recommended – best incentive package, established supply chain	Bắc Ninh, Hải Phòng, HCMC
Machinery/Equipment	Good opportunity – growing domestic demand, localization requirements	Hải Phòng, Đồng Nai, Bình Dương
Textiles/Footwear	Proceed with caution – rising labor costs, shift toward automation	Southern provinces, Đà Nẵng
Furniture/Wood	Recommended – strong export growth, FTA advantages	Bình Định, Bình Dương
Logistics	High potential – infrastructure push, growing e-commerce	Hải Phòng, HCMC, Đà Nẵng
Renewable energy	Cautiously optimistic – policy clarity improving but price disputes exist	Nationwide

9.2 Location Selection Guide

Priority	Best for...	Advantages	Challenges
Bắc Ninh	Electronics, semiconductors	Dense supply chain, many FDI anchors	High land costs, labor competition
Hải Phòng	Heavy industry, logistics	Port access, Free Trade Zone pilot	Congestion, environmental scrutiny
HCMC area	High-tech, consumer goods	Largest market, skilled workforce	Highest land/labor costs
Đà Nẵng	Mid-sized manufacturing	Lower costs, good quality of life	Smaller labor pool
New industrial zones	Cost-sensitive manufacturing	Lower land costs, incentives	Underdeveloped support services

9.3 Practical Setup Checklist

Months 1-3: Planning & Legal

• Conduct feasibility study and cost modeling

• Engage local legal counsel for entity setup

• Select location and negotiate land lease

• Apply for Investment Registration Certificate (IRC)

• Apply for Enterprise Registration Certificate (ERC)

Months 4-6: Site & Construction

• Finalize factory design and construction contracts

• Obtain environmental approvals (if applicable)

• Begin site preparation and construction

• Apply for construction permits

Months 7-12: Operations Setup

• Recruit and train local workforce

• Import and install equipment

• Obtain fire safety, labor, and other operational permits

• Begin trial production

Month 12 onward: Commercial Operations

• Ramp up to full production

• Implement quality management systems

• Establish export/import documentation processes

9.4 Key Contacts & Resources

Organization	Role
Foreign Investment Agency (FIA)	Primary government contact for FDI
Provincial Industrial Zone Authorities	Local land and licensing
Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI)	Business advocacy and networking
Your home country's trade office	Market entry assistance

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📊 10. CONCLUSION: IS VIETNAM RIGHT FOR YOU?

Vietnam in 2026 is a country at an inflection point. The low-cost labor advantage that drove the first wave of FDI is fading. But what's replacing it is something far more sustainable: a comprehensive industrial ecosystem supported by modern infrastructure, aggressive trade integration, and a young, increasingly skilled workforce.

Vietnam is the right choice for investors who:

• Are in or support electronics, semiconductors, machinery, or high-value manufacturing

• Want to diversify supply chains away from China

• Need preferential access to EU, US, Japanese, and other major markets via FTAs

• Have a 5-10 year time horizon and can invest in automation and worker training

• Can navigate rising costs by moving up the value chain

Vietnam may NOT be the right choice for investors who:

• Are in highly labor-intensive, low-margin industries (unless highly automated)

• Need immediate, turnkey operations with zero training requirements

• Cannot tolerate supply chain disruptions or logistics cost volatility

• Have a short-term (1-3 year) investment horizon

The data is clear: FDI into Vietnam is accelerating, not slowing. Total registered FDI reached US$38.4 billion in 2025 – a five-year high – with disbursements up 9%. Global giants are not leaving; they're expanding and upgrading. Samsung is adding billions more. POSCO is building battery materials plants. The semiconductor ecosystem is taking root.

For foreign investors willing to look beyond the headline wage numbers and see the full picture – the FTAs, the infrastructure push, the government commitment to high-tech industry, and the 50 million+ strong, digitally native workforce – Vietnam offers one of the most compelling manufacturing and logistics investment cases in Asia today.

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📚 SOURCES & REFERENCES

This report draws on data from: ADB, Vietnam General Statistics Office, Ministry of Planning and Investment (Foreign Investment Agency), State Bank of Vietnam, Ministry of Industry and Trade, World Bank, International Labour Organization (ILO), S&P Global, Deloitte, Savills, Vietnam Briefing, Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI), Vietnam News, VnExpress, Nikkei Asia, Bloomberg, Reuters, and corporate announcements from Samsung, POSCO, Foxconn, Intel, Amkor, and other major investors.

Last updated: April 16, 2026

Disclaimer: This report is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal, financial, or investment advice. Costs, regulations, and market conditions are subject to change. Prospective investors should conduct their own due diligence and consult with qualified local advisors.